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主動語態(tài)-主語為行動的實施方。
被動語態(tài)-主語為行動的接收方。

在撰寫科學(xué)論文時我們會使用各種各樣的時態(tài)。下面是一些在不同時態(tài)下使用主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的例子：

1.現(xiàn)在時-通常在概論，討論和結(jié)論中使用的時態(tài)

Example 1:
Active: Vitamin A increases the risk of hair loss.
Passive: The risk of hair loss is increased by vitamin A.

Example 2:
Active: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicleexhausts can induce a series of environmental problems, including photochemicalsmog, broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution.

Passive: A series of environmental problems, including photochemical smog,broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution, can be induced by volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicle exhausts.

2.現(xiàn)在時-通常在目標(biāo)中使用的時態(tài)

Example 1:
Active: In this study, we present our design of an electric hot water tank.
Passive: In this study, a design of an electric hot water tank is presented.

Example 2:
Active: This study develops an efficient methodology to examine a space–timecontinuous dataset for urban irrigation water use.
Passive: An efficient methodology to examine a space–time continuous datasetfor urban irrigation water use is developed in this study.

3.現(xiàn)在完成時-通常在概論，討論和總結(jié)中使用的時態(tài)

Example 1:
Active: Previous studies have used comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences toelucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.

Passive: Comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences has been used in previousstudies to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.

Example 2:
Active: Only a small number of empirical studies have focused on the patternsand mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatial scales, especially inwild host–pathogen systems [2].
Passive: The patterns and mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatialscales, especially in wild host–pathogen systems, have been focused on by onlya small number of empirical studies [2].

4.過去時：通常用于材料與方法/結(jié)果

Example 1:
Active: We determined the presence of larvae by dip netting.
Passive: The presence of larvae was determined by dip netting.

Example 2:
Active: We evaluated the number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), andnucleotides (π) using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].

Passive: The number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), and nucleotides (π) wasevaluated using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].

Example 3:
Active: We found a strong correlation between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.

Passive: A strong correlation was found between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.